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GIS Basics in the planning - Exercise 4

Since only a few base maps are geo-referenced above, should be of graphic material learned and absorbed in this exercise techniques Georefenzierung .

was used as the basis of a section of the topographic maps and aerial photos of the map service of conservation management Rheinland Pfalz available at this link are.
in the study was 6 maps and images are georeferenced, and it is this:

• TK 40 000
• TK 20 000
• aerial photograph scale 1:10,000
• aerial photo scale 1: 5,000
• aerial photo scale of 1: 2500
• aerial photo scale 1: 1,000

Hierzu muss im Landschaftsinformationssystem zunächst der gewünschte Maßstab der Darstellung festgelegt werden. Also musste je nach Karte oder Bild ein Maßstab von 40.000 über 5.000 bis 1.000 festgelegt werden. Die erzeugten Karten können über Extras/Seiteninformationen unter dem Punkt Medien als jpg. Dateien gespeichert werden.
Um eine dieser Karten zu georeferenzieren muss eine jgw. Datei erstellt werden, die inhaltlich dem anschließenden Beispiel gleichen sollte, und den selben Namen tragen muss wie die zugehörige Bilddatei.


Hierbei richten sich die mit tatsächlichen Werten gefüllten Zeilen nach dem zu referenzierenden Bild.
In Zeile 1 und 4 muss die verwendete Pixel size can be specified. This value is measured in meters per pixel, obtained by "Image width" by "number of pixels in width" and multiplying the resulting outcome with the desired scale.
If the selected screen image always the same size ausfweist this bill must not always be carried out. Since the ratio of pixels to the image width in this case never changes, the same factors serve to convert the scale is also used. In this case that means that at a scale of 1:20,000 resulting pixels, which therefore represents half of 1:40.000, containing only half of the area. This results in the cards for the following pixel sizes:

• TK 40,000 to 3.368 m / pixel
  
• TK 20,000 to 1.693 m / pixel
  
• aerial photograph scale 1:10,000 - 0.8465 m / pixel
• aerial photograph scale 1: 5000 to 0.42325 m / pixel
• aerial photo scale of 1: 2500 to 0.211625 m / pixel

In the last two lines have legal value (last line) and high value (last line) of the upper-left pixel to be entered . This can be taken directly from the Ladschaftsinformationssystem. It only has to have the center of upper left pixel are gone. To this end, half the pixel width to the right value from the high value added and subtracted. The
Jpg. Cards can be concluded easily opened in ArcMap. They are located centrally on each other and the central area is clearly due to the better resolution of the smaller cards also best.
The last card has been processed using a second method of Georefenzierung. For this purpose, but already referenced maps, as needed, the already-created. The first step is such a referenced map in ArcMap and then open to be referenced.
the right-click on the menu bar to open the window "Georeferencing" must then be selected to referezierende card (in the example dop_1000). After under "Georefencing" of the "Auto Adjust" has been turned off can then use the function "Add Control Points" correlating points are connected to two cards.


the function "Update Display" is not referenced image is initially set to the other. The image is finally referenced by the "Rectify". There have only the desired type, finds in this case. and the location can be chosen.


The processed in the described way maps and images are georeferenced and can now with GIS software such as ArcMap open, used und übereinander gelegt werden.

Die erstellten Daten sind an dieser Stelle verfügbar.