Returning Macy Product Without Package

Exercise 2 GIS bases in the city - and space planning

In this exercise, we should create a small Quantum GIS project.



This had to be first a map inserted in Rhineland-Palatinate as raster layers and in the "Gauss-Kruger zone 2" system of coordinates (31 466) is opened.
Next, I open the maps of the administrative boundaries of counties, unitary councils and local communities and changed the different layer names and put the layers in a logical order.

Now, the various administrative boundary maps to be changed. For this one must be on each layer, right-click the window "Layer Properties" to open. Here you can in the 'Appearance' section of the border color - adjust and strength. Each layer should have different colors and line strengths (in my case 1,2 and 3, and orange, yellow and blue). If the reserves had to, after having inserted the card and renamed, select Fill style in "diagonal hatching.

Local communities and protected areas should now receive a label. To achieve this one goes just as in the border colors, - strengthening of layer properties, but then from caption. The two layers of nature reserves and local communities being counted on "to show labeled" top left of the window, crosses and wähltdie Attriubte "GEBITESNAM" or "Name".

should now be generated as the next step, an image of the spatial extent of the Weilerbach community. This opens one (with the right mouse button) the attribute table of the Association of Municipalities and examines the community Weilerbach. Now we will zoom to that location in the map and save the image by allowing a "File" - "Save Image As"> selected.

I'm Unusually Wet Before My Period

Exercise 1 GIS basics in spatial planning

first What is an ellipsoid?
An ellipsoid is the higher dimensional equivalent of an ellipse. It is a stretched or compressed image of a spherical surface.
As an example lets call the earth. It is a spheroid with a flattening at the poles and extending to the equator.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoid


second What is the name of the ellipsoid used when GK system?
The name of the ellipsoid, which is the Gauss Kruger coordinate system is used Bessel or Krassowskiellipsoid.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gau% C3% 9F-Kr% C3% BCger coordinate system


third What is the difference between geographic and projected Cartesian coordinates?
Geographic Coordinates:
- Description of the position of a point on the earth  this earth into 360 degrees of longitude and 180 degrees of latitude is divided
Cartesian coordinates:
- Right angle, orthogonal coordinate system
- most frequently used coordinate system in two-and three-dimensional space
- Distinction in right handed and left-handed coordinate system
- Example: Gauss-Kruger coordinate system
differences: geographic coordinates are specified in degrees and minutes, Cartesian coordinates, however, are determined metric

http://www .koordinaten.de / information / coordinate model
http://www.carto.net/papers/alex_medwedeff/gis_abfallwirtschaft_medwedeff_kap3.html
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographische_Koordinaten




4 . What is the Gauss-Krüger projection system based on? (Brief explanation)
The Gauss-Kruger system is a transverse Mercator projection based.
This conformal map projection was traditionally used in shipping
explanation: the Earth, a cylinder is placed into contact with the equator, it so true to length
maps to the north and south, the map is distorted, of course.
This projection is based on the Georeferenzmodell Bessel ellipsoid.

http://www.basilautzkis.de/downloads/gausskruegersystem.pdf





5th What advantages does a Cartesian coordinate system?
- Spatial structures can, thanks to a third Axis (z axis) shown to be
- Geometric problems can be solved mathematically


6th Which units are to GK coordinates?
The Gauss-Krüger coordinates are metric units (meters).

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauß-Krüger-Koordinatensystem



7th What is in this context, the term 'Meridian'?
The meridian referred to in the geography of a half-length circle on the earth's surface, runs from one pole of the geographical to the other. It is the line of all geographic locations where the sun is the same Time the highest point of their day career (days arc) in the sky occupies. All points with the same longitude, so with the same "Longitude" lie on the same meridian.
from a pole is based on the distance between two meridians grows until it reaches its maximum at the equator.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauß-Krüger-Koordinatensystem





8th Why are used in the GK system called meridian strip?
The Meridian Strip is intended to reduce the distortions in the transverse Mercator projection formed north and south of the equator. Im Abstand von 3° wird der Zylinder gedreht. Somit entstehen mehrere Meridiane, die verzerrungsfrei sind.
Die Projektionen beeinträchtigen die Abbildungen hinsichtlich ihrer Winkel-, Flächen-, Abstands- und Maßstabstreue und ihrer Konformität.

http://www.geoinformatik.uni-rostock.de/einzel.asp?ID=-167347

http://www.geodaten.bayern.de/bvv_web/downloads/tipps_Erde.pdf


9. Wie erkennt man die Kennziffer des verwendeten GK-Streifens an einer Koordinate?
Da jedem Meridian eine Kennziffer zugeteilt wird (Nullmeridian= 0 ; Bezugsmeridiane 6°, 9°, 12°, 15° mit den entsprechenden Kennziffern 2,3,4 and 5) one can see the code at the first number of the coordinate.


http://www.basilautzkis.de/downloads/gausskruegersystem.pdf




10th Which formula can be the easiest of the central meridian of any GK-strip charge?
The central meridian can be calculated most simply by multiplying the number strip / zone number with 3 °. From the 60th Strips, however, the number subtracted from 120 and multiplied with only 3 °.

http://www.olanis.de/knowhow/mapprj/mapprj8.shtml



11th Translate die Begriffe ‚Easting’ und ‚Northing’ im aktuellen Kontext.
„Easting“ bedeutet Rechtswert und ist die x-Koordinate (Ostrichtung positiv) in einem ebenen Koordinatensystem.
Im Gegensatz dazu bedeutet „Northing“ Hochwert und ist die y-Koordinate in einem ebenen Koordinatensystem.

http://www.geoinformatik.uni-rostock.de/einzel.asp?ID=572
http://www.geoinformatik.uni-rostock.de/einzel.asp?ID=1259


12. Was versteht man unter den Begriffen 'False Easting' und False Northing?
Um negative Werte Im Koordinatensystem zu vermeiden addiert man 500 000m dazu. Dies nennt man „false Easting. " The "False Northing" we add 10 000m.

http://www.geoinformatik.uni-rostock.de/einzel.asp?ID=1719



13th Be 'False Easting' and 'False Northing' used in the GK system? (Why or why not?)
Yes "False Easting and False Northing" are used in GC systems. In Germany, however, only the "False Easting" (500 000) choice, since Germany is situated in the northern hemisphere.




14th Briefly explain the abbreviations 'OGC', 'SRS' and 'EPSG code'.
a) OGC: The OGC is a non-profit organization (under the 350 members include Google, Microsoft and NASA) to determine the development of spatial information processing (especially spatial data) based on common standards for the purpose of interoperability. Membership is free of charge. The OGC consists of universities, private industries and government organizations. The registered trademark is OpenGIS.
b) SRS: SRS (Spatial Reference System) is a projected or geographic coordinate system
c) EPSG code: EPSG codes are a system with 4 - to 5-digit codes that are needed for coordinate reference systems.

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium




15th What 'EPSG codes' in Germany (when using the GK system) used?
• 31 466 for DHDN
• Zone 2 Zone 3
DHDN for 31 467 • 31 468 to 31 469 •
DHDN Zone 4 Zone 5 for DHDN

http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPSG