Bad Side Effects Of Anorexia

GIS Basics in the planning - Exercise 4

Since only a few base maps are geo-referenced above, should be of graphic material learned and absorbed in this exercise techniques Georefenzierung .

was used as the basis of a section of the topographic maps and aerial photos of the map service of conservation management Rheinland Pfalz available at this link are.
in the study was 6 maps and images are georeferenced, and it is this:

• TK 40 000
• TK 20 000
• aerial photograph scale 1:10,000
• aerial photo scale 1: 5,000
• aerial photo scale of 1: 2500
• aerial photo scale 1: 1,000

Hierzu muss im Landschaftsinformationssystem zunächst der gewünschte Maßstab der Darstellung festgelegt werden. Also musste je nach Karte oder Bild ein Maßstab von 40.000 über 5.000 bis 1.000 festgelegt werden. Die erzeugten Karten können über Extras/Seiteninformationen unter dem Punkt Medien als jpg. Dateien gespeichert werden.
Um eine dieser Karten zu georeferenzieren muss eine jgw. Datei erstellt werden, die inhaltlich dem anschließenden Beispiel gleichen sollte, und den selben Namen tragen muss wie die zugehörige Bilddatei.


Hierbei richten sich die mit tatsächlichen Werten gefüllten Zeilen nach dem zu referenzierenden Bild.
In Zeile 1 und 4 muss die verwendete Pixel size can be specified. This value is measured in meters per pixel, obtained by "Image width" by "number of pixels in width" and multiplying the resulting outcome with the desired scale.
If the selected screen image always the same size ausfweist this bill must not always be carried out. Since the ratio of pixels to the image width in this case never changes, the same factors serve to convert the scale is also used. In this case that means that at a scale of 1:20,000 resulting pixels, which therefore represents half of 1:40.000, containing only half of the area. This results in the cards for the following pixel sizes:

• TK 40,000 to 3.368 m / pixel
  
• TK 20,000 to 1.693 m / pixel
  
• aerial photograph scale 1:10,000 - 0.8465 m / pixel
• aerial photograph scale 1: 5000 to 0.42325 m / pixel
• aerial photo scale of 1: 2500 to 0.211625 m / pixel

In the last two lines have legal value (last line) and high value (last line) of the upper-left pixel to be entered . This can be taken directly from the Ladschaftsinformationssystem. It only has to have the center of upper left pixel are gone. To this end, half the pixel width to the right value from the high value added and subtracted. The
Jpg. Cards can be concluded easily opened in ArcMap. They are located centrally on each other and the central area is clearly due to the better resolution of the smaller cards also best.
The last card has been processed using a second method of Georefenzierung. For this purpose, but already referenced maps, as needed, the already-created. The first step is such a referenced map in ArcMap and then open to be referenced.
the right-click on the menu bar to open the window "Georeferencing" must then be selected to referezierende card (in the example dop_1000). After under "Georefencing" of the "Auto Adjust" has been turned off can then use the function "Add Control Points" correlating points are connected to two cards.


the function "Update Display" is not referenced image is initially set to the other. The image is finally referenced by the "Rectify". There have only the desired type, finds in this case. and the location can be chosen.


The processed in the described way maps and images are georeferenced and can now with GIS software such as ArcMap open, used und übereinander gelegt werden.

Die erstellten Daten sind an dieser Stelle verfügbar.

Eléctrica Box Level 19

GIS basics in the planning - Exercise 3

Das Programm ArcGis bietet zahlreiche Abfrage- und Geoanalysemethoden zur Datenbearbeitung und -anpassung. Die dritte Übung sollte den Studenten nun die nötige Einarbeitung und Praxis vermitteln.
Auf Grundlage der Geodaten der Landkreise und der Naturschutzgebiete von Rheinland Pfalz sollten 8 Layer und eine Tabelle mit verschiedenen Inhalten erzeugt werden.
Im Anschluss werden diese Inhalte samt der Vorgehensweise dargestellt.

Layer_1 - Erzeugung eines Layers mit den Grenzen des Landkreises und der Stadt Kaiserslautern mit Hilfe einer Abfrage:
Hierzu wird die Funktion " Select by attributes is applied. As both the district and the city bear the same name, you can search for just those objects have the "name" Kaiserslautern have. It must be like in the example can be seen, first the layer "LK - Limits "will be selected and pasted into the command line the following contents: " NAME "= 'Kaiserslautern'

Then, to generate from such a selection a layer then the command." Create layer from selected Features "are used. This is after right-clicking on the" LK-limits "layer under" Selection "section.

Contents:

• all objects from the Layer "LK-limits" with the name of Kaiserslautern, so city and county
  
• the objects have the same information as well as at the LK-limits "Layer
  

Layer_2 - combining the objects of Layer_1 into a single object by using Geo Analyses Methods: Can connect to
At 2 located on a layer objects with each other are the "Dissolve " are used. This is to be found in the "ArcToolbox" under the "Data Management Tools" at "Generalization". In this case, the "Input Field" Layer_1 be selected and under the "Dissolve Fields" to be that property is to be selected on the basis of which the objects connected, which is in the present work, "name".

Contents:

• an object that corresponds to the size of the circle
• there are only about the name and type of the object before

Layer_3 - selection of all natural protection areas, with Layer_1 overlap (query ):
query order overlaps the "Select by Location " is used. It will therefore see all objects which are in the nature reserve, which is why this is so selected in the top must, while in the area by the county and the city of Kaiserslautern are localized. To ask this context, the function "intersect" and the concern layer selected in this case "Layer_1" are.


Contents:

• all nature reserves located within the county and the city is Kaiserslautern
• this represented only the information of the layer over the protected areas, which lost the LK-limits

Layer_4 - Creation of buffer areas with 300m to the nature reserves of Layer_3 (Geo Analyses):
To create a buffer, As the name suggests, the operating under the "Analysis Tools" and "Proximity" located Tool buffer. Here, only the desired layers have been set (ie: Layer_3) and then the size and unity of the desired buffer zone under "Linear Unit given (ie 300 m).


Content:

• same content as on Layer_3
• there are only the buffer areas added to the protected areas

Layer_5 - production of a layer with the boundaries of the city of Kaiserslautern (query):
The creation of this layer is on the selben Weg wie auch schon beim ersten Layer. Nur sollte hier als Ausgangslayer "Layer_1" gewählt werden. Die Auswahl soll anschließend alle Objekte erfassen die die "Objektart1" "Stadt Kaiserslautern" aufweisen. Dies wird über folgenden Abfrageausdruck erreicht: "Objektart1" = 'Stadt Kaiserslautern'

Inhalte:

• enthält ausschließlich das Polygon welches die Stadt Kaiserslautern darstellt
• beinhaltet alle auch im "LK- Grenzen" Layer auftauchenden Informationen
  

Layer_6a - Ausschneiden von Layer_4 mit Hilfe von Layer_5 (Geoanalyse):
Zum Auschneiden wird die sogenannte " Clip "- function used, which, under the" "is related to As." Analysis Tools "and under" Extract input feature here is "Layer_4" and "clip feature is" Layer_5 define "

website. :

• all within the area of the city of Kaiserslautern lying nature reserves represents
• contains the same information as well as the nature reserve-Layer
  

Layer_6b - intersection of Layer_4 and Layer_5 (Geo Analyses):
is an intersection with using the tool " Intersect" (under "Analysis Tools" / overlay ") made. This requires both layers of the" Input . Feature insert "

Contents:

• all within the area of the city includes Kaiserslautern lying nature reserves represents
• both the information of natural protected areas as well as county-Layer

Layer_6c - Association of Layer_4 and Layer_5 (Geo Analyses) and calculation of areas: The Final
Association, which is also listed under "Analysis Tools" and "overlay" is done via the "Union " There have only the two layers in the ". selected input features. In addition, the surfaces of the objects resulting calculated be. For this, the attribute table of Layer_6c be opened and the column "ha" with the right mouse button can be selected. With the where-to-find option "Calculate Geometry" can automatically calculate the areas. It is merely the "property" "area" set and in this case, "determined units", "hectares" are.

Content: Make

• are all nature reserves in the county, and also the limits of the city of Kaiserslautern
• territories situated within the boundaries of the city, include the information from conservation area and LK boundaries layer, with the remaining at least that of Naturschutzgebietsalayers have

Sum_Layer_6c (Tabelle) - Die Tabelle soll nur einen Datensatz (nur eine Zeile) je Naturschutzgebiet und folgenden Attribute besitzen: Gebietsname, Gebietsnummer, Gebietsfläche:
Um eine solche Tabelle zu erstellen muss zunächst die Attributtabelle des Layers geöffnet werden. Anschließend kann über einen rechten Mausklick auf die Spalte "Gebietsnum" die Funktion " Summarize " gestartet werden. Im oberen Feld muss nun eine der 3 geforderten Objekteigenschaften aktiviert werden, was in diesem Fall die Gebietsnummer ist. Im zweiten Feld müssen dann die beiden verbleibenden Objekteigenschaften gewählt werden. Wobei zu beachten ist, dass beim Gebietsname der Auswahlpunkt is "first" and the sum ("Sum") of the area (hectares) identified.


Contents:

• shown already in question, a table of protected areas, which includes information on field number, field name and its size

further question:

Explain the similarities and differences of layer 6a and 6b and 6b and 6c :

The data produced can at this point be downloaded.